Global City Time Top 100
Find Every Global city Time You Need Here or time zones. Go to that city's page with time, weather, sunrise/set, moon phases and lots more.
Allenπ₯ 2962
United States
Allen is a city in Collin County, Texas, part of the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex. Known for its high quality of life and rapid growth. The city features attractions like the Allen Event Center, Watters Creek at Montgomery Farm for shopping and dining, and hosts the Allen USA Celebration, one of the largest Independence Day festivals in North Texas.
Boiseπ₯ 4042
United States
Boise is the capital and largest city of Idaho, nestled in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. The city is known for its outdoor recreation opportunities, growing tech industry, and high quality of life, surrounded by abundant natural resources and recreational facilities.
Portsmouthπ₯ 4112
United Kingdom
Portsmouth is a port city and naval base on England's south coast, known for its maritime heritage. The city features attractions like the Historic Dockyard, home to famous ships including HMS Victory and HMS Warrior, the Spinnaker Tower, and Southsea Castle. Portsmouth is famous for its naval history, being the birthplace of Charles Dickens, and hosts the annual Victorious Festival. The city is also home to the University of Portsmouth.
Burlingtonπ₯ 7635
United States
Burlington is the largest city in Vermont, situated on the scenic shores of Lake Champlain. The city is known for its environmental consciousness, artistic atmosphere, and outdoor recreation opportunities, serving as a vibrant college town and an important cultural and tourist destination in New England.
Concordπ₯ 8764
United States
Concord is the capital of New Hampshire, known for its rich historical heritage and political traditions. The city preserves many colonial-era buildings while serving as an important cultural and educational center, surrounded by New England's characteristic natural beauty.
Monroeπ₯ 1036
United States
Monroe is a city in Louisiana known for its Southern culture and beautiful natural scenery.
Greeleyπ₯ 1301
United States
Greeley is a city in northern Colorado, known for its agricultural heritage and as the home of the University of Northern Colorado. The city features attractions like the Centennial Village Museum, the Poudre River Trail, and hosts the annual Greeley Stampede, one of the largest rodeos in North America.
Roswellπ₯ 2696
United States
Roswell is a city in Chaves County, New Mexico, famous for its association with an alleged UFO crash in 1947. The city features attractions like the International UFO Museum and Research Center, the Roswell Museum and Art Center, and the Spring River Park and Zoo. Roswell also hosts the annual UFO Festival, drawing thousands of visitors each year.
Nashvilleπ₯ 1862
United States
Nashville is the capital of Tennessee and is known as the home of country music, with the nickname 'Music City'. The city houses the Country Music Hall of Fame and numerous live music venues. Nashville is also a major center for the music industry and healthcare industry.
College Station College Stationπ₯ 3254
United States
College Station is a city in Texas known for its higher education institution, Texas A&M University.
Sparksπ₯ 3247
United States
Sparks is a city in Nevada, located just east of Reno. Known for its family-friendly atmosphere and outdoor recreation opportunities. The city features attractions like the Sparks Marina Park, the Western Heritage Interpretive Center, and hosts annual events like Hot August Nights and the Best in the West Nugget Rib Cook-Off.
Costa Mesaπ₯ 7183
United States
Costa Mesa is a city in Orange County, California, known for its shopping, arts, and dining scenes. The city features attractions like South Coast Plaza, one of the largest shopping centers in the United States, the Segerstrom Center for the Arts, and the OC Fair & Event Center. Costa Mesa is also home to several colleges and universities, including Orange Coast College.
Westminsterπ₯ 6264
United States
Westminster is a city in Orange County, California, known for its large Vietnamese-American population and the unofficial Little Saigon district. The city features attractions like the Vietnam War Memorial, the Westminster Mall, and the annual Tet Festival celebrating Vietnamese New Year. Westminster is also famous for its numerous Vietnamese restaurants and cultural events.
Raleighπ₯ 8951
United States
Raleigh is the capital of North Carolina and part of the famous Research Triangle Park. The city is known for its high-tech industry, quality education, and livability, home to prestigious institutions like North Carolina State University.
Evansvilleπ₯ 8664
United States
Evansville is a city in Vanderburgh County, Indiana, known as the commercial, medical, and cultural hub of Southwestern Indiana and the Illinois-Indiana-Kentucky tri-state area. The city features attractions like the Mesker Park Zoo, the USS LST Ship Memorial, and the Evansville Museum of Arts, History and Science. Evansville is also home to the University of Evansville and hosts the annual West Side Nut Club Fall Festival, one of the largest street festivals in the United States.
Houstonπ₯ 6369
United States
Houston is a city in the state of Texas, known for its energy, aeronautics, and medical research, as well as being an important cultural and educational center.
United Statesπ₯ 9078
United States
New York is the economic, financial, media, and cultural center of the United States, known for its iconic skyline and rich arts and cultural landscape.
Tulsaπ₯ 4583
United States
Tulsa is the second-largest city in Oklahoma, located on the Arkansas River. The city is an important oil center and is known for its art scene and historical landmarks, such as the Philbrook Museum of Art and the Gilcrease Museum. Tulsa is also praised for its friendly residents and high quality of life.
Carrolltonπ₯ 8834
United States
Carrollton is a city in Denton, Dallas, and Collin counties in Texas, part of the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex. Known for its diverse community and numerous parks. The city features attractions like the A.W. Perry Homestead Museum, the Elm Fork Nature Preserve, and hosts the annual Festival at the Switchyard. Carrollton is also home to the headquarters of several major corporations.
Meridianπ₯ 1330
United States
Meridian is the second-largest city in Idaho, located west of Boise. Known for its rapid growth and family-friendly atmosphere. The city features attractions like the Village at Meridian, an outdoor shopping center, the Meridian Speedway, and numerous parks including Settlers Park and Julius M. Kleiner Memorial Park. Meridian is also home to the Warhawk Air Museum.
Lexingtonπ₯ 2053
United States
Lexington is a city in Kentucky, known for its rich history and cultural attractions. The city is the second-largest in Kentucky and is home to many institutions of higher education, including the University of Kentucky. Lexington is also praised for its Southern charm and horse racing tradition.
Davenportπ₯ 1410
United States
Davenport is a city in Iowa, the largest of the Quad Cities metropolitan area. Located along the Mississippi River, it's known for its riverfront attractions, including the Figge Art Museum and the Skybridge. The city features the Vander Veer Botanical Park, the German American Heritage Center, and hosts the annual Bix Beiderbecke Memorial Jazz Festival. Davenport is also home to St. Ambrose University and Palmer College of Chiropractic.
Sunriseπ₯ 4062
United States
Sunrise is a city in Broward County, Florida, known for its family-friendly atmosphere and the BB&T Center, home to the Florida Panthers NHL team. The city features attractions like Sawgrass Mills, one of the largest outlet malls in the United States, and numerous parks including Markham Park. Sunrise hosts the annual Sunrise Pops concert series and the Sunrise Blues Festival.
Palm Bayπ₯ 2855
United States
Palm Bay is a city in Brevard County, Florida, known for its beautiful beaches and outdoor recreational opportunities. The city features attractions like Turkey Creek Sanctuary, Palm Bay Regional Park, and the Indian River Lagoon. Palm Bay is also known for its annual Bass Fishing Tournament and the Palm Bay Fair.
Fort Worthπ₯ 8377
United States
Fort Worth is the fifth-largest city in Texas, forming the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex with Dallas. The city maintains a strong Western cowboy culture and is known for its historic Stockyards District, Modern Art Museum, and Cultural District.
Inglewoodπ₯ 7438
United States
Inglewood is a city in southwestern Los Angeles County, California. Known for its newly built SoFi Stadium, home to the Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers NFL teams. The city features attractions like The Forum, a famous concert venue, the Hollywood Park Casino, and Randy's Donuts, an iconic landmark. Inglewood is also home to the Los Angeles Clippers' new Intuit Dome, set to open in 2024.
Moreno Valleyπ₯ 3651
United States
Moreno Valley is a city in Southern California's Inland Empire region. It's known for its proximity to March Air Reserve Base and the Lake Perris State Recreation Area. The city has experienced rapid growth and development in recent decades.
Simi Valleyπ₯ 6992
United States
Simi Valley is a city in Ventura County, California, known for its suburban feel and proximity to Los Angeles. The city is home to the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum, a major attraction featuring exhibits on the former president's life and an actual Air Force One aircraft. Simi Valley also offers numerous parks and hiking trails, including the Rocky Peak Trail with panoramic views of the surrounding area.
Savannahπ₯ 3719
United States
Savannah is a city in Georgia known for its historic architecture, culture, and beautiful parks.
Fontanaπ₯ 1579
United States
Fontana is a city in Southern California, known for the Auto Club Speedway and its rich racing history. The city has numerous parks and recreational facilities, including the Martin Tudor Jurupa Hills Regional Park.
Portlandπ₯ 6379
United States
Portland is Oregon's largest city, known for its environmental consciousness, bicycle culture, and unique artistic atmosphere. The city features numerous craft breweries, coffee shops, and bookstores, and is considered one of America's most livable cities.
Greshamπ₯ 2645
United States
Gresham is a city in Multnomah County, Oregon, located just east of Portland. Known for its scenic beauty and outdoor recreational opportunities. The city features attractions like the Gresham Japanese Garden, the Gresham Arts Plaza, and numerous parks and trails including the Springwater Corridor Trail. Gresham also hosts the annual Gresham Arts Festival and the Mt. Hood Jazz Festival.
Madisonπ₯ 8268
United States
Madison is the capital of Wisconsin, known for its excellent educational resources and quality of life. The city is situated between several lakes and is home to the University of Wisconsin, featuring a vibrant cultural life and innovative tech industry.
Phoenixπ₯ 9288
United States
Phoenix is the capital and largest city of Arizona, located on both sides of the perennially dry Salt River. It is home to several headquarters of Fortune 1000 companies and is known for its hot climate and rapidly developing metropolitan area.
Carmelπ₯ 5767
United States
Carmel is a city in Hamilton County, Indiana, known for its roundabouts and high quality of life. The city features attractions like the Carmel Arts & Design District, the Monon Trail, and the Center for the Performing Arts. Carmel is famous for its annual Carmel International Arts Festival and hosts the Carmel Farmers Market, one of the largest in the state.
Fort Lauderdaleπ₯ 9962
United States
Fort Lauderdale is a city on Florida's southeastern coast, known for its beaches and boating canals. The city is a popular tourist destination, with an average year-round temperature of 75.5 Β°F (24.2 Β°C), and offers many attractions including the International Swimming Hall of Fame.
Downeyπ₯ 5042
United States
Downey is a city in southeast Los Angeles County, California, known as the birthplace of the Apollo space program. The city features attractions like the Columbia Memorial Space Center, the Downey History Center, and the world's oldest operating McDonald's restaurant. Downey is also known for its mid-century modern architecture and as the hometown of the musical group The Carpenters.
San Mateoπ₯ 9463
United States
San Mateo is a city in California's San Francisco Bay Area, known for its mild climate and proximity to both San Francisco and Silicon Valley. The city features attractions like the Japanese Tea Garden in Central Park, the CuriOdyssey science museum and zoo, and the historic downtown area. San Mateo is also home to the San Mateo County Event Center, which hosts various exhibitions and events throughout the year.
Fresnoπ₯ 1370
United States
Fresno is a city in California, located in the heart of the San Joaquin Valley. The city is known for its rich agriculture, wine regions, and cultural diversity. Fresno is also praised for its craft and theater scenes.
Pompano Beachπ₯ 4688
United States
Pompano Beach is a city in Broward County, Florida, known for its beaches, marinas, and offshore coral reef. The city features attractions like the Pompano Beach Pier, the Sample-McDougald House, and the Pompano Beach Amphitheater. It's also famous for its annual Seafood Festival and is a popular destination for fishing and water sports.
Surpriseπ₯ 3977
United States
Surprise is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, known for its retirement communities and as the spring training home of the Texas Rangers and Kansas City Royals. The city features attractions like the Surprise Stadium, the Surprise Aquatic Center, and numerous golf courses. Surprise also hosts the annual Surprise Festival of Arts.
Rosevilleπ₯ 2889
United States
Roseville is a city in Placer County, California, known for its family-friendly atmosphere and strong retail presence. The city features attractions like the Roseville Golfland Sunsplash water park, the Maidu Museum & Historic Site, and the expansive Westfield Galleria at Roseville. Roseville hosts the annual Roseville Earth Day celebration and is known for its historic Old Town district.
Augustaπ₯ 7767
United States
Augusta is the capital of Maine, situated on the Kennebec River. The city is known for its historic buildings, government institutions, and New England architecture, surrounded by abundant outdoor recreation areas and natural landscapes.
Brownsvilleπ₯ 2495
United States
Brownsville is a city in southern Texas, located on the U.S.-Mexico border. It's known for its subtropical climate, the Gladys Porter Zoo, and as a gateway to South Padre Island.
Modestoπ₯ 3088
United States
Modesto is a city in California's Central Valley, known for its agricultural heritage and as the birthplace of filmmaker George Lucas. The city hosts the annual Architectural Festival and is surrounded by fertile farmland.
Hillsboroπ₯ 6463
United States
Hillsboro is a city in Oregon, part of the Portland metropolitan area. It's known for its high-tech industry and is often called the 'Silicon Forest' due to the presence of many technology companies. The city features attractions like the Rice Northwest Museum of Rocks and Minerals, the Jackson Bottom Wetlands Preserve, and the Hillsboro Stadium. Hillsboro is also home to the annual Oregon International Air Show.
Grand Rapidsπ₯ 3131
United States
Grand Rapids is Michigan's second-largest city, known for its furniture manufacturing and beer culture. The city features an active art scene, numerous craft breweries, and hosts the renowned ArtPrize competition annually.
Hilton Head Island Hilton Head Islandπ₯ 4545
United States
Hilton Head is an island in South Carolina known for its luxury resorts and beautiful beaches.
Rochesterπ₯ 9985
United States
Rochester is a city in Olmsted County, Minnesota, known as the home of the Mayo Clinic, a world-renowned medical center. The city features attractions like the Plummer House, the Rochester Art Center, and the Quarry Hill Nature Center. Rochester is also known for its extensive trail system, including the Douglas State Trail, and hosts the annual Rochesterfest celebration.
Fairbanks Fairbanksπ₯ 3999
United States
Fairbanks is a city in Alaska known for its aurora viewing and cold weather.
Murrietaπ₯ 1822
United States
Murrieta is a city in southwestern Riverside County, California, known for its high quality of life and scenic beauty. The city features attractions like the Santa Rosa Plateau Ecological Reserve, the Murrieta Hot Springs, and numerous golf courses. Murrieta is also known for its annual Birthday Bash celebration and the Field of Honor event honoring veterans.
Fishersπ₯ 2884
United States
Fishers is a city in Hamilton County, Indiana, known for its rapid growth and family-friendly atmosphere. The city features attractions like Conner Prairie, an interactive history park, the Nickel Plate District Amphitheater, and Geist Reservoir. Fishers hosts the annual Fishers Freedom Festival and is home to Topgolf and the Ritchey Woods Nature Preserve.
Cape Coral Cape Coralπ₯ 8870
United States
Cape Coral is a city in Florida known for its rapid growth and beautiful beaches.
Sandyπ₯ 5044
United States
Sandy is a city in Salt Lake County, Utah, known for its proximity to ski resorts and outdoor recreation areas. The city features attractions like the Living Planet Aquarium, Sandy Amphitheater, and Rio Tinto Stadium, home to Real Salt Lake soccer team. Sandy also hosts the annual Sandy Balloon Festival.
Arvadaπ₯ 1589
United States
Arvada is a city in Jefferson and Adams counties, Colorado, part of the Denver-Aurora-Lakewood metropolitan area. Known for its historic Olde Town district, the city features attractions like the Arvada Center for the Arts and Humanities, the Majestic View Nature Center, and numerous parks and trails. Arvada is also famous for being the site of the first gold discovery in Colorado.
Long Beachπ₯ 7000
United States
Long Beach is a coastal city in Southern California, known for its waterfront attractions, including the permanently docked RMS Queen Mary and the Aquarium of the Pacific. The city has a diverse culture, a thriving arts scene, and is home to California State University, Long Beach.
Nilesπ₯ 1344
United States
Niles is a city in Michigan known for its friendly neighborhoods and beautiful parks.
Sacramentoπ₯ 1194
United States
Sacramento is the capital of California, located on the Sacramento River. As the political center of California, the city has a rich history and culture, including Old Sacramento and a variety of museums. Sacramento is also known for its agriculture and farm-to-fork food movement.
Fayettevilleπ₯ 9679
United States
Fayetteville is a city in North Carolina, home to Fort Bragg, one of the largest military installations in the world. The city has a rich history dating back to the American Revolution and hosts the annual Dogwood Festival.
Pullman Pullmanπ₯ 3180
United States
Pullman is a city in Washington state known for its higher education institution, Washington State University.
Olympiaπ₯ 1892
United States
Olympia is the capital of Washington, located at the southern end of Puget Sound. The city is known for its natural beauty, artistic atmosphere, and environmental consciousness, surrounded by dense evergreen forests and the majestic Olympic Mountains.
Columbusπ₯ 1792
United States
Columbus is a city in Georgia, located on the Chattahoochee River. It's known for its 15-mile Riverwalk, the National Infantry Museum, and as the birthplace of Coca-Cola. The city is home to Fort Benning, a major U.S. Army installation.
Baltimoreπ₯ 8030
United States
Baltimore is a major city in Maryland, located on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay. The city is an important port for the state and is known for its rich history, cultural institutions, and educational facilities. Baltimore is also home to many historical landmarks, including the Washington Monument and the National Aquarium.
Louisvilleπ₯ 8932
United States
Louisville is the largest city in Kentucky, famous for the Kentucky Derby horse race and bourbon whiskey. The city offers a rich cultural life with numerous arts venues and historical landmarks.
Wuweiπ₯ 4373
China
Wuwei is a city in Gansu Province, known for its rich history along the ancient Silk Road. The city features attractions like the Leitai Han Tomb, Wuwei Confucian Temple, and the Tiantishan Grottoes. Wuwei is famous for its bronze 'Galloping Horse Treading on a Flying Swallow' statue and hosts the annual Wuwei Grape Festival. The city is also developing its cultural tourism and modern agriculture sectors.
Grand Junction Grand Junctionπ₯ 9813
United States
Grand Junction is a city in Colorado known for its outdoor activities and beautiful natural scenery.
Fuzhouπ₯ 9469
China
Fuzhou, the capital of Fujian Province, is known for its rich history and scenic mountains. The city features attractions like the Three Lanes and Seven Alleys, Drum Mountain, and Sanfang Qixiang. Fuzhou is famous for its unique Min cuisine and hosts the annual Cross-Strait Fuzhou Food Festival. The city is also an important center for the digital economy and artificial intelligence research.
Beijingπ₯ 8869
China
Beijing is the capital of the People's Republic of China and is the country's political center, cultural center, international communication center, and scientific and technological innovation center. Beijing has a long history and splendid culture, with many world cultural heritages such as the Forbidden City, the Great Wall, and the Summer Palace. At the same time, Beijing is also a modern metropolis with many high-rise buildings, bustling commercial areas, and advanced technology enterprises.
Waterburyπ₯ 8814
United States
Waterbury is a city in Connecticut, known as the 'Brass City' due to its history in brass manufacturing. The city features attractions like the Mattatuck Museum, which showcases the area's history and art, the Palace Theater, and the Timexpo Museum. Waterbury is also known for its large clock tower visible from Interstate 84.
Chongqingπ₯ 7799
China
Chongqing is one of China's four municipalities directly under the central government. It has a unique mountainous city landscape. Chongqing is famous for its delicacies such as hot pot and small noodles. Attractions like Hongyadong and Jiefangbei are unique. Chongqing is also an important industrial base and transportation hub with rapid economic development.
Richmondπ₯ 2110
United States
Richmond is the capital of Virginia and served as the capital of the Confederate States during the Civil War. The city features numerous historical sites and cultural attractions, including many Civil War-era monuments and museums.
Mesaπ₯ 5650
United States
Mesa is a city just east of Phoenix, Arizona, known for its desert climate and proximity to the Tonto National Forest. The city has a rich cultural heritage, with influences from Native American and Hispanic cultures. It's home to several museums and the Mesa Arts Center.
Rentonπ₯ 7618
United States
Renton is a city in King County, Washington, located on the southeast shore of Lake Washington. It's known as the final assembly point for Boeing 737 commercial airplanes. The city features attractions like the Jimi Hendrix Memorial, the Renton History Museum, and Gene Coulon Memorial Beach Park. Renton is also home to the Virginia Mason Athletic Center, the headquarters and training facility of the Seattle Seahawks NFL team.
Little Rockπ₯ 9547
United States
Little Rock is the capital and largest city of Arkansas, situated on the Arkansas River. The city is known for its rich history, Southern culture, and political significance, serving as an important economic and educational center in the region.
Bellevueπ₯ 6962
United States
Bellevue is a city in King County, Washington, located across Lake Washington from Seattle. Known for its high-tech industry and affluent population. The city features attractions like the Bellevue Botanical Garden, the KidsQuest Children's Museum, and the Bellevue Arts Museum. Bellevue is also known for its shopping destinations, including Bellevue Square and The Shops at The Bravern.
Nanjingπ₯ 9849
China
Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu Province. It has a long history and is one of China's four ancient capitals. There are famous attractions such as Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum and Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Nanjing is also an important education and research center.
Lisburnπ₯ 5441
United Kingdom
Lisburn is a city in Northern Ireland, located southwest of Belfast. Known for its linen heritage, Lisburn features attractions like the Irish Linen Centre & Lisburn Museum, Castle Gardens, and the Lagan Valley LeisurePlex. The city is famous for its role in the linen industry and hosts the annual Lisburn Half Marathon. Lisburn is also known for its modern city center and its proximity to both Belfast and the countryside.
Patersonπ₯ 7689
United States
Paterson is the largest city in Passaic County, New Jersey, known for its industrial history and diverse population. The city features attractions like the Great Falls of the Passaic River, the Paterson Museum, and the Lambert Castle Museum. Paterson is also known as the 'Silk City' for its historic silk production industry and hosts the annual Paterson Fall Festival.
Cardiffπ₯ 7809
United Kingdom
Cardiff is the capital and largest city of Wales, known for its castle and revitalized waterfront. The city features attractions like Cardiff Castle, the National Museum Cardiff, and the Wales Millennium Centre. Cardiff is also famous for its sporting events, hosting matches at the Principality Stadium, and its vibrant nightlife in the Cardiff Bay area.
Longviewπ₯ 9095
United States
Longview is a city in Texas known for its oil industry and beautiful natural scenery.
Huntsvilleπ₯ 4023
United States
Huntsville is a city in northern Alabama, nicknamed 'The Rocket City' for its close association with U.S. space missions. It's home to NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and the U.S. Space & Rocket Center museum.
Knoxvilleπ₯ 5375
United States
Knoxville is a city in eastern Tennessee, known for the University of Tennessee and its iconic Sunsphere tower, built for the 1982 World's Fair. The city is surrounded by the Great Smoky Mountains and offers numerous outdoor activities.
Peterboroughπ₯ 2979
United Kingdom
Peterborough is a cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, England, known for its historic cathedral and modern city center. The city features attractions like Peterborough Cathedral, Flag Fen archaeological park, and Nene Park. Peterborough is famous for its 900-year-old cathedral and its role as an important railway junction. The city hosts the annual Peterborough Heritage Festival and is known for its diverse population and green initiatives.
Helenaπ₯ 2668
United States
Helena is the capital of Montana, nestled in the Rocky Mountain foothills. The city is known for its gold rush-era architecture, abundant outdoor recreation opportunities, and unique Western culture, surrounded by stunning natural landscapes and national forests.
Stillwater Stillwaterπ₯ 2236
United States
Stillwater is a city in Oklahoma known for its higher education institutions and beautiful natural scenery.
Readingπ₯ 3834
United Kingdom
Reading is a large town in Berkshire, England, known for its rich history and modern business parks. The town features attractions like the ruins of Reading Abbey, the Museum of English Rural Life, and the Forbury Gardens. Reading is famous for hosting the annual Reading Festival, one of the UK's largest music festivals. The town is also home to the University of Reading and has a thriving tech industry.
Spartanburg Spartanburgπ₯ 5566
United States
Spartanburg is a city in South Carolina known for its industrial history and friendly community.
New Yorkπ₯ 6583
United States
New York is the economic, financial, media, and cultural center of the United States, known for its iconic skyline and rich arts and cultural landscape.